The disaster-resilient village programme, which aims to develop settlements with the autonomy to adapt and deal with disasters aims to promote disaster awareness. Several questions arise regarding the contribution of the programme to the development of the adaptive capacity of village communities, including: what types of adaptive capacity emerge as a result of the programme's implementation, and what factors promote and inhibit the development of adaptive capacity? This study employs a comprehensive literature review. The initial step is to do a keyword search using Publish or Perish 8.2.3944.8118. This study includes a range of search phrases, including the phrase 'disaster-resilience' and keywords: community resiliency, disaster preparedness and disaster policy. The type of adaptive capacity that emerges from the implementation of the disaster response village programme incorporates the topic of flexibility predominantly, showing that this programme raises a diversity of adaption practices and possibilities in the community. This approach is influenced by the disaster-prone geographical characteristics of Indonesia. Practical gaps exist in the form of evaluating values in the development of similar disaster programmes, while theoretical gaps exist in the form of conceptual identification of cultural characteristics that may occur as a result of efforts to build adaptive ability through the programme. This article examines societal values that are affected by programmes. CONTRIBUTION: This manuscript aims to add to the variety of disaster programme design initiatives requiring community resilience and sustainability. This sociocultural and disaster-related field is pertinent to the scope of this publication

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar em quais projeções foi possível identificar compressão da medula espinhal em cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) cervical e propor um sequenciamento das projeções a ser realizado no exame mielográfico dessa região. Foram avaliadas quatro projeções mielográficas (lateral, ventrodorsal e oblíquas esquerda e direita) de 41 pacientes diagnosticados com DDIV cervical. Em 40 pacientes (97,5%), foi possível identificar compressão da medula espinhal na projeção lateral; em 22 (53,6%), nas oblíquas; e em 11 (26,8%), na ventrodorsal (P<0,05). Havia lateralização da compressão em 22 (53,6%) pacientes; 100% delas (n=22) foram detectadas pelas projeções oblíquas e 50% (n=11) pela ventrodorsal. Em 10 (24,4%) cães, foi observado mais que um local de compressão, tendo as projeções ventrodorsal e oblíquas auxiliado na definição do local de compressão em 50% e 70%, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que todas as projeções mielográficas estudadas permitem identificar compressão na medula espinhal em cães com DDIV cervical, sendo a incidência lateral a que mais a revelou, seguida das oblíquas e da ventrodorsal, estabelecendo-se, assim, uma proposta de sequenciamento das projeções mielográficas a serem realizadas para essa região.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify in which of the myelographic views it was possible to identify spinal cord compression in dogs with cervical intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and to establish a sequence in which myelographic views should be obtained for this region. Four myelographic views (lateral, ventrodorsal, left oblique and right oblique) of 41 patients diagnosed with cervical IVDD were evaluated. In 40 patients (97.5%) it was possible to identify spinal cord compression by lateral view, 22 (53.6%) by the oblique view, and 11 (26.8%) by the ventrodorsal view (P< 0.05). There were lateralized compressions in 22 (53.6%) patients, detected by all oblique views (100%) and by 11 (50%) of the ventrodorsal views. In 10 (24.4%) dogs, more than one compression site was observed, where the ventrodorsal view helped to decide the site in 50% of the cases and oblique in 70%. It can be concluded that all the tested myelographic views allow the identification of spinal cord compressions in dogs with cervical IVDD, the lateral view being the most relevant, followed by the oblique and ventrodorsal view, therefore establishing a sequence of myelographic views should be obtained for this region.

ABSTRACT To delve into the knowledge of tongue cancer in young patients. Case We presented a 17 years-old female, without tobacco and alcohol exposure, referred to Oral and Maxillofacial department with a squamous cell carcinoma in the tongue with bilateral cervical metastasis. We decided, in a multidisciplinary team, to treat her with chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy. She had two local recurrences 5 and 12 months after the treatment which we treated with surgery both. Afher that, we follow her every month and she is without recurrences. Several reports suggest increasing incidence trends of head and neck cancer in young patients, disproportional to the patients above 45 years old. Moreover, the majority of young non-smoking non-drinking head and neck cancer patients is female. This disparity suggests that the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer in young patients differs from head and neck cancer development in old patients. Conclusion: The unique epidemiologic, genetic, etiologic, and clinicopatho- logic characteristics of young-onset HNSCC suggests a divergent biology from HNSCC occurring in older patients. Improved definition of this biology is needed to establish successful preventive and treatment de intensification efforts.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este caso es profundizar en el conocimiento del cáncer de lengua en pacientes jóvenes. Se trata de un caso clínico: Mujer de 17 años sin antecedentes ni hábitos tóxicos, que acude por presentar tumoración en hemilengua izquierda con biopsia de carcinoma escamoso. En TAC: Lesión en hemilengua izquierda que afecta al suelo de la boca. Adenopatías bilaterales. Estadío IVA. Se decide quimioterapia de inducción seguido de quimioradioterapia. Presentó recidiva tras 5 meses de seguimiento, y se realizó glosectomía parcial. Tras 12 meses libre de enfermedad presentó nueva recidiva local que se intervino quirúrgicamente. Actualmente en seguimiento y sin signos de enfermedad. Existen estudios que indican que la prevalencia del cáncer de cabeza y cuello está aumentando en pacientes jóvenes; comportándose de forma diferente entre unos grupos de edad y otros. Concluimos que los factores epidemiológicos, genéticos, etiológicos y clinicopatológicos de los pacientes jóvenes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello sugieren una divergencia biológica frente a lo que ocurre con dichos cánceres en pacientes añosos. La mejora del conocimiento de la biología molecular es necesaria para establecer el éxito en la prevención y el tratamiento de dichos pacientes.

Introduction: Aluminum (Al) is a toxic element which may contaminate pharmaceutical products used as individual components to prepare total parenteral nutrition mixtures (TPN). Objectives: 1) to determine Al levels in the individual components used to prepare TPN mixtures; 2) to compare detected Al levels with those imposed by international regulations (FDA); 3) to calculate the total amount of Al administered to adult and children receiving those typical TPN mixtures. Methods: Al was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) (Perkin Elmer OPTIMA 5100 DV) in 44 individual products, from different labs and lots, belonging to 16 components available in Argentina: dextrose and amino acids for adult formulas and for pediatric formulas: lipids; potassium chloride; sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate; sodium phosphate; calcium gluconate; sodium glycerophosphate, zinc sulfate; multi trace elements; steril water (ampoules and great volume presentations). Results: Al levels were detected in 43 of the 44 the studied components, except sterile water. The components of large volume presented between 249 y 1,580 μg Al/ L, between 4 and 180 times FDA established levels (25 μg Al/ L). Small volume components presented Al levels between 85 y 4,909 g/ L, not declared in labels. Conclusions: The highest amounts of Al were detected in calcium gluconate, sodium phosphate and multitrace elements. 2) Usually prescribed TPN mixtures would have higher Al levels than those accepted by FDA regulation; 3) The highest aluminum concentration was provided by dextrose, amino acids and lipids in adult TPN mixtures. In neonate TPN mixtures, Al highest amounts were provided by dextrose and calcium gluconate. The calculated concentration of Al in TPN mixtures was higher than those stipulated by international regulation (5 μg Al/kg (body weight)/d). It would be advisable for manufacturers to declare the content of aluminum in the label, with the aim of avoiding toxicities which would compromise the critical patients' evolution.

Introducción: aluminio (Al) es un elemento tóxico que puede ser contaminante de productos farmacéuticos utilizados para preparar mezclas de nutrición parenteral (NP). Objetivos: 1) determinar la concentración de Al en componentes individuales utilizados para preparar mezclas de NP; 2) comparar las cantidades detectadas con los límites de la regulación internacional (FDA); 3) calcular la cantidad de Al administrada en fórmulas habituales de NP para neonatos, niños y adultos. Materiales y métodos: El Aluminio fue determinado por Espectroscopia de Emisión Atómica-Plasma-Inductivo de Argón (Perkin Elmer 5100 DV) en 44 productos comerciales, de diferentes laboratorios y lotes, correspondientes a 16 componentes individuales: dextrosa; aminoácidos para adultos y pediátricos; lípidos; cloruro de potasio; cloruro de sodio, sulfato de magnesio; fosfato de sodio; gluconato de calcio; glicerofosfato de sodio; sulfato de zinc; elementos multitraza; agua estéril en ampollas y de gran volumen. Resultados: Todos los componentes de gran volumen, excepto el agua, contenían entre 249 y 1.580 μg/L, superando entre 4 y 180 veces mas que los niveles establecidos por la FDA (25 μg/L). Los componentes de pequeño volumen contenían entre 85 y 4.909 μg/L, no declarados en los rótulos. Conclusiones: 1) La mayor cantidad de aluminio se encontró en el gluconato de calcio, fosfato de sodio y elementos multitraza. 2) Las mezclas de uso habitual para NP presentan niveles de Al mayores al límite de FDA. Los componentes que aportan mayor cantidad de aluminio en las mezclas de NP para adultos son: glucosa, aminoácidos y lípidos, pero en las de neonatos, el mayor aporte proviene de la dextrosa y gluconato de calcio. 3) En las mezclas de NP para neonatos, niños y adultos la cantidad de aluminio administrado por kg de peso supera la recomendación de FDA (5 μg/kg de peso /día). Los productos comerciales deberían declarar el contenido de Al para no comprometer la evolución de los pacientes graves.

O trabalho foi realizado de julho a dezembro de 1999, em campo na Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, objetivando comparar quantitativa e qualitativamente o potencial de mudas de tomateiro obtidas através de enraizamento dos ramos das ponteiras, e da planta matriz, oriunda de semente, da cultivar C-38-D Novo, usando a técnica de Tomaticultura em Gramado. Observou-se que as plantas obtidas a partir do tecido adulto das ponteiras do tomateiro, ramificam menos e ocupam menor espaço, possibilitando maior densidade de plantio, e consequentemente, aumento da produtividade. As mudas de ponteira apresentaram a velocidade de floração e de frutificação mais lenta e constante, permitindo a produção de frutos, com peso médio acima de 60 g, durante 70 dias de colheita; enquanto que as plantas matrizes tiveram o período de floração e de frutificação antecipado e concentrado em curtos períodos, sem poder manter o peso médio mínimo, 60 g, de interesse na comercialização, a partir de 30 dias de colheita. A produtividade das plantas propagadas vegetativamente foi igual à das plantas oriundas de sementes botânicas (71,7 kg versus 72,6 kg por 20 plantas/6,28 m²). Embora os dados obtidos sejam preliminares, a propagação via enraizamento da ponteira mostrou ser uma alternativa importante para o cultivo comercial. Inclusive, esse método pode viabilizar a comercialização de material de difícil obtenção e alto custo e acelerar o uso de material segregante de alto valor.

The fruiting habit and quantitative yield potential of tomato plants (cultivar C-38-D Novo), propagated from shoot tip cuttings and their mother plants was evaluated in field, in Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Belém, Brazil, from July to December ,1999. The Grassland Cropping Technique were employed. The adult tissue of tomato plants like shoot tip, developed less side branches and occupied less space, allowing a greater number of plants per planting area and consequently higher yield. The shoot tip cuttings showed slower and constant flowering and fruiting speed with an average fruit weight above 60 g, during 70 days of harvest, while the mother plant had an earlier and concentrated flowering and fruiting pattern in short periods, unable to keep the average fruit weight of 60 g, standard for local market, from upon 30 days of harvest. Yield of plants propagated vegetatively was similar to those propagated from botanical seeds (71.7 kg versus. 72.6 kg/6,28 m²). Although the present results are preliminary data, vegetative propagation of shoot tip cuttings showed to be an important method for commercial tomato cropping as well as to shorten the time necessary to explore the desirable traits in a segregating population of tomato plants and could become a commercial commodity.

No Brasil, os tomates são produzidos nas regiões mais frias e secas, tais como Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, onde encontram condições adequadas para crescimento e produção. Na Amazônia Oriental, bem como em outras regiões do trópico úmido, as condições de clima permanentemente quente e úmido e, em muitos locais de solos infestados pela bactéria Ralstonia solanacearum, a produtividade do tomateiro é baixa, o que desestimula a produção local. Mais de 99% dos tomates consumidos são importados de outras regiões, chegando ao valor aproximando de R$12 milhões em 1997. Este trabalho faz parte de um programa de melhoramento genético de tomateiro na Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em Belém (PA). O clone denominado 'Pará Belo' possui as características de alta tolerância à murchadeira causada por R. solanacearum; produtividade por planta superior a 7,0 kg, ou 19 kg/m² de canteiro; frutos com peso de 200 a 400 g, tipo caqui, dependendo da intensidade de desbaste; fruto tipo longa vida com durabilidade pós-colheita de 30 dias sob condições ambientais locais; bom sabor de polpa, com até 5,2(0) Brix nos frutos vermelhos; frutos resistentes à rachadura sob chuvas pesadas; alto vigor da planta com folhagem resistente às doenças comuns e alta capacidade de emitir hastes laterais; facilidade de enraizamento para formação de mudas na propagação vegetativa.

In Brazil, tomatoes are produced in the cool and dry regions such as Southeast, South, and Center-west, where the climate favors the growth and production of the tomato crop. In the Eastern Amazon, as well as other humid tropical regions, with hot and humid conditions and soils infested with southern wilt bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum, tomato yield is generally low which discourage the local production. More than 99% of the tomatoes in the market are shipped in from other regions, reaching the annual cost around R$12 millions in 1997. The present work reports the tomato breeding program conducted by the Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, in Belém, State of Pará, in the past 17 years to fulfill the original objectives. The released clone, named Pará Belo, possesses important traits such as high tolerance to bacterial wilt, R. solanacearum; yield higher than 7kg/plant or 19kg/m²; fruit of high globe type, weighs from 200 g to 400 g, depending on the pruning frequency; high storage quality as long as 30 days, under room temperature in the Amazon; good flesh flavor with 5.2(0) Brix in red fruits; good resistance to fruit cracking under heavy rains; vigorous plants with high branching capacity and good leaf resistance to common diseases, and high shoot tip rooting capacity for clone cutting production.

No Brasil, o tomateiro é cultivado principalmente em época de baixa precipitação e temperaturas amenas como as regiões Sudeste, Nordeste e Centro Oeste. Na Amazônia Oriental, uma região tropical úmida de baixa altitude, com temperatura elevada, a cultura do tomateiro enfrenta muitas dificuldades. A baixa produtividade e a mortalidade das plantas têm reduzido o número de produtores desta hortaliça, com a produção local de tomate inferior a 0,1% do volume comercializado anualmente. A técnica de Tomaticultura Em Gramado (TEG) foi concebida em 1997 e aperfeiçoada em 1998, para solucionar os problemas da tomaticultura sob clima quente e chuvoso da Amazônia, usando dois principais mecanismos: 1. Campo gramado para controlar a proliferação de doenças, pragas, plantas invasoras, erosão e lixiviação de nutrientes. 2. Queima de descarte de madeira na área de cultivo para eliminar a grama e reduzir a acidez e pobreza do solo. O presente trabalho apresenta resultados preliminares de tomaticultura sob essa nova técnica, com avaliação de produtividade, ciclo da planta e peso médio do fruto. A nova técnica de cultivo permitiu a produtividade de 5,6 ± 0,2 kg por planta, sendo o período de colheita de 60 a 80 dias. A TEG demonstrou ser uma alternativa promissora para o sistema de produção de tomate na região quente e chuvosa, usando a gramínea como protetora e limpadora do solo.

In Brazil, tomatoes are cultivated principally in seasons with low precipitation and cool temperature such as in regions of Southeast, Northeast and Central west. In East Amazon, a humid tropical region of low altitude with high temperature, tomato cropping faces many difficulties. Low yield and plant mortality had reduced the number of tomato growers, with annual local production less than 0.1% of total volume commercialized. The grassland tomato cropping technique (TEG) was elaborated in 1997 and improved in 1998 to solve the problems of tomato production under hot and humid climate of Amazon, by using two major mechanisms: 1. Grassland or turfgrass field is used to control the proliferation of diseases, pests, weeds, erosion and leaching of the soil nutrients. 2. Burning of waste wood materials on planting sites to eliminate the graminea and to reduce the soil acidity and poverty. The present paper shows the preliminary results of the tomato cropping using this new technique with evaluation in yields, production cycle and average fruit weight. The new cropping technique allowed a yield of 5.6 ± 0.2 kg of tomato per plant and 60 to 80 days of harvest duration. This technique showed to be a promising cropping system for tomato production in the hot and humid tropical region, using graminea as soil protector and soil cleaner.